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L'article "AgNW Network as Suitable Transparent Electrodes for Electrochromic Device based on Sputtered WO3 and NiO Thin Films" a été publié dans Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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"Electrochromic (EC) devices traditionally rely on indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes; however, ITO's brittleness and indium criticality prompt the search for viable alternatives. This study demonstrates an ITO-free EC architecture based on silver nanowire (AgNW) networks deposited by spray coating, followed by spatial atomic layer deposition of a conformal ∼30 nm SnO2 protective layer, to enhance electrode durability. WO3 and NiO electrochromic layers are subsequently deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. Systematic investigation of AgNW/SnO2/WO3 films reveals an optimal sheet resistance (Rsh) range of 50–60 Ω sq−1, providing the best balance between conductivity and transparency and resulting in maximum optical contrast. These films exhibit good switching speeds of a few seconds with superior coloration efficiency (36 cm2 C−1 at 550 nm ≪ 87 cm2 C−1 at 1200 nm) and higher EC performance in the IR region, making them particularly promising for IR-modulating smart windows. For complementary devices, NiO thickness is doubled relative to WO3 to compensate for its lower charge capacity and ensure a balanced redox response. A full WO3/NiO device using AgNW electrodes and LiTFSI-PMMA gel electrolyte demonstrates reversible colorless-to-blue switching between ±1.5 V. These results establish AgNW-based electrodes as a promising ITO alternative for next-generation EC applications."
"Electrochromic (EC) devices traditionally rely on indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes; however, ITO's brittleness and indium criticality prompt the search for viable alternatives. This study demonstrates an ITO-free EC architecture based on silver nanowire (AgNW) networks deposited by spray coating, followed by spatial atomic layer deposition of a conformal ∼30 nm SnO2 protective layer, to enhance electrode durability. WO3 and NiO electrochromic layers are subsequently deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. Systematic investigation of AgNW/SnO2/WO3 films reveals an optimal sheet resistance (Rsh) range of 50–60 Ω sq−1, providing the best balance between conductivity and transparency and resulting in maximum optical contrast. These films exhibit good switching speeds of a few seconds with superior coloration efficiency (36 cm2 C−1 at 550 nm ≪ 87 cm2 C−1 at 1200 nm) and higher EC performance in the IR region, making them particularly promising for IR-modulating smart windows. For complementary devices, NiO thickness is doubled relative to WO3 to compensate for its lower charge capacity and ensure a balanced redox response. A full WO3/NiO device using AgNW electrodes and LiTFSI-PMMA gel electrolyte demonstrates reversible colorless-to-blue switching between ±1.5 V. These results establish AgNW-based electrodes as a promising ITO alternative for next-generation EC applications."